حکمت و فلسفه (Mar 2016)
Made of being & it's criterion in mulla sadra's viewpoint & critique of Kant's theory
Abstract
Acceptance and affirmation of principality of existence, requires the acceptance of existence being made. Therefore, principality of existence is in cohesion with it's made; although there are some differences between the two subjects. On the basis of Transcendental Wisdom, criterion of being made is determined based on copulative existence. Copulative existence means total dependence on other. What is absolutely dependent on the cause, it is a real made of it. In Sadra's school, there are differences between the meaning of copulative existence and copulative existence in the proposition one, something that has been neglected in Kant thought. As critique to Anselm's ontological argument, Kant believes that the existence does not cause any increase in the subject, but it is only copulative existence. Criterion of being predicative is increase in subject. This expression is different of something research in transcendentalism; because Kant refers only to the copulative existence in proposition. But Mulla Sadra refers to another kind of copulative existence which obtained from the analysis of the principle of causality. According to this view, all possibilities will be absolutely related to God. He divided the propositions into composition whetherness and simple whetherness. Predicate in the second one, is existence. Kant says that these kinds of propositions are meaningless. He believes that proposition 'God exists' is not synthetic and not analytic. But Mulla Sadra says that proposition 'God exists' means: the affirmation of the self-identity of a thing. So, in simple whetherness proposition, predicative existence does not increase in subject, because of the quiddity being mentally-posited and fundamental reality of existence.
