Infection and Drug Resistance (May 2023)
Fractions 14 and 36K of Metabolite Extract Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus Have Antimalarial Activities Against Plasmodium berghei in vitro
Abstract
Loeki Enggar Fitri,1,2,* Agustina Tri Endharti,1 Hafshah Yasmina Abidah,3,4,* Alif Raudhah Husnul Khotimah,3,4,* Heni Endrawati1 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 2Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 3Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 4Medical Doctor Profession Education, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hafshah Yasmina Abidah, Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Tel +62 895 397 064 350, Fax +62 341 564755, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The study was conducted to investigate the effectivity and the cytotoxicity of fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus as an antimalarial compounds against Plasmodium berghei in vitro.Methods: Fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus produced by the fractionation process utilizing the Flash Column Chromatography (FCC) BUCHI Reveleris® PREP. Plasmodium berghei culture was used to assess the antimalarial activity of fractions 14 and 36K. Parasite densities and the ability of parasite growth were determined under microscopic. The cytotoxicity of the fractions was assessed using MTT assays on the MCF-7 cell line.Results: Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus fractions 14 and 36K have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei, with fraction 14 having the more potent activity. The percentage of Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes was decreased as well as the increase of fraction concentration. Fraction 14 has the highest inhibition of parasite growth at a concentration of 156,25 μg/mL, with an inhibition percentage of 67.73% (R2 = 0.953, p = 0.000). IC50 of fractions 14 and 36K were found at 10.63 μg/mL and 135,91 μg/mL, respectively. The fractions caused morphological damage in almost all asexual stages of the parasite. Both fractions were not toxic against MCF-7, indicating that the fractions have a safe active metabolite.Conclusion: Fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus contains non-toxic compounds that could damage the morphology and inhibit the growth of Plasmodium berghei in vitro.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: antimalarial, cytotoxicity, fraction 14 and 36K, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Plasmodium berghei
