Process thermodynamic, kinetics and statistical analysis of Gmelina arborea seed oil extraction as clean environmental friendly industrial base-oil

Abstract

This work aims at evaluating the effects of process variables like particles size, temperature, and time, on Gmelina arborea seeds oil (GASO) extraction, its characterization and statistical analyses of the obtained results. Additionally, oil extraction process kinetics and thermodynamics were studied. It became essential to carry out this research as no work on extensive extraction data on GASO extraction exist. Pseudo second order, Elovich's and hyperbolic extraction kinetic models were considered. At 0.5 mm, 55 °C and 150 min, 35.1% yield was obtained. The results indicate that the yield of GASO increased with time and temperature increase, as well as particle size reduction. Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses indicate prevalence of saturated fatty acids, and functional groups, respectively. Pseudo second order model was best fit model, compared to the other two, based on its highest R2 and lowest SD and RMS values. ΔG = −570.32KJ/mol, ΔS = 18.35 KJ/mol, and ΔH = 5433.57 KJ/mol values indicate spontaneous, irreversible, and endothermic, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc analyses showed that time and particle size effects were significant, while temperature was not. GASO properties indicate its potential use industrially.

Keywords

• Gmelina arborea
• Thermodynamics
• Kinetics
• Solvent extraction
• Statistical analysis