Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare (May 2024)
Erectile Dysfunction and Depression Prevalence Among Male Patients with Type II Diabetes
Abstract
Khaled A Alswat,1 Ziyad Almorgi,2 Abdulaziz N Aljardahi,2 Rasheed M Alobaylan,2 Meshal K Altowairqi,2 Majed W Almorgi,2 DaifAllah Mohammed Almalki,3 Khalid M Alshehri4 1Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Intern, Department of Medicine, Taif University School of Medicine, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 3Consultant of Family Medicine and Diabetes, Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 4Consultant of Medicine and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Khaled A Alswat, Dean of Graduate Studies, Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taif University School of Medicine, Airport Road, Taif, Al Huwaya, Saudi Arabia, Tel +127272020, Email [email protected] and Objective: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are at substantial risk for developing erectile dysfunction (ED). The primary goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of ED and depression among T2D patients and the associated risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for adult T2D patients who had a routine clinic visit between January–August 2023. Structured questionnaires formed with two validated questionnaires – the International Index of Erectile Function short form (IIEF-5) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) – were used to screen for ED and depression, respectively.Results: A total of 478 male patients with T2D with a mean age of 59.2 ± 10.8 years, mostly married, with long standing T2D were included. Hyperlipidemia followed by hypertension were the most reported comorbidities. Of the patients, 61.3% had reported no depression and were less likely to have ED or severe ED (p < 0.001) and more likely to be physically active and to report no smoking (p < 0.0001) when compared to those with depression. Fifty-two percent of the patients reported moderate and severe ED and those were older in age (p = 0.031), had longer duration of T2D diagnosis (p = 0.005), were more likely to have any comorbidities (p < 0.05), were less likely to have a university degree and higher income (both p < 0.001), were less likely to be on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) (p < 0.001), had worse glycemic control parameters (p = 0.463), were more likely to have positive urine microalbuminuria (p = 0.019), and were less likely to be physically active (p = 0.048) when compared to patients with no or milder degree of ED.Conclusion: ED is highly prevalent in our study sample, with half of the patients having moderate to severe ED and being more likely to have depression. Older age, long-standing T2D, comorbidities, socioeconomic disadvantage, and sedentary lifestyle were all significantly associated with ED.Keywords: erectile dysfunction, ED, diabetes, T2D, depression, risk factors
