Bio-based Catalysts from Biomass Issued after Decontamination of Effluents Rich in Copper—An Innovative Approach towards Greener Copper-based Catalysis

Abstract

The abundance of Cu-contaminated effluents and the serious risk of contamination of the aquatic systems combine to provide strong motivating factors to tackle this environmental problem. The treatment of polluted effluents by rhizofiltration and biosorption is an interesting ecological alternative. Taking advantage of the remarkable ability of the selected plants to bioconcentrate copper into roots, these methods have been exploited for the decontamination of copper-rich effluents. Herein, we present an overview on the utility of the resulted copper-rich biomass for the preparation of novel bio-sourced copper-based catalysts for copper-mediated reactions: from the bioaccumulation of copper in plant, to the preparation and full analysis of the new Eco-Cu catalysts, and their application in selected key reactions. The hydrolysis of a thiophosphate, an Ullmann-type coupling leading to N- and O-arylated compounds, and a CuAAC “click„ reaction, all performed under green and environmentally friendly conditions, will be described.

Keywords

• rhizofiltration
• biosorption
• Eco-Cu catalyst
• hydrolysis of thiophosphate
• Ullmann-type reactions
• eco-friendly <i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-arylation
• green CuAAC “click” reaction