Zero sequence impedance behavior inpower transformers. Analysis of special cases

Abstract

Sequence networks make it possible to represent the elements of an electrical network during unbalanced faults, according to Fortescue's theorem presented in 1918. In the case of three-phase transformers, the equivalent sequence networks depend on the connection group of the windings and the connection of the neutral tothe ground. This paper carry out a detailed study of zero-sequence networks in power transformers, using mathematical simulation to analyze two special cases, unknown to some electrical protection specialists, in which the zero-sequence impedance can cause significant changes in short-circuit currents. The results have been obtained using theoretical and empirical methods, which have made it possible to demonstrate that transformers can behave as sources of short-circuit contribution in the presence of shunt lines. At the same time, the zero-sequence impedance is different depending on the design of the ferromagnetic core for the same connection group.

Keywords

• connection groups; single-phase short-circuit; transformer; zero-sequence impedance;zero-sequence network.