Current Understanding of Moyamoya Disease (MMD) and Associated Neuropsychiatric Outcomes

Abstract

Alexei Antonov,1,* Anthony Terraciano,1,* Muhammed Amir Essibayi,2,3 Kainaat Javed,2 David J Altschul2,3 1Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; 3Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: David J Altschul, Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA, Email [email protected]: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the progressive narrowing and occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid arteries, leading to the formation of abnormal collateral vessels. MMD primarily affects the cerebrovascular system, and evidence suggests it is associated with various neuropsychiatric outcomes. This manuscript aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of MMD, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. Furthermore, it explores the emerging research on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of MMD, such as cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, and quality of life. The manuscript concludes with the challenges in managing MMD-related neuropsychiatric outcomes and potential avenues for future research.Keywords: moyamoya disease, neuropsychiatric outcomes, cerebrovascular disorder, cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders

Keywords

• moyamoya disease
• neuropsychiatric outcomes
• cerebrovascular disorder
• cognitive impairment
• psychiatric disorders