Journal of Inflammation Research (Jan 2024)
Use of Machine Learning for the Identification and Validation of Immunogenic Cell Death Biomarkers and Immunophenotypes in Coronary Artery Disease
Abstract
Yan-jiao Zhang,1 Chao Huang,2 Xiu-guang Zu,1 Jin-ming Liu,1 Yong-jun Li1 1Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yong-jun Li, Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15803210938, Email [email protected]: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is part of the immune system’s response to coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we bioinformatically evaluated the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of immunogenic cell death-related genes (IRGs) and their relationship with immune infiltration features in CAD.Methods: We acquired the CAD-related datasets GSE12288, GSE71226, and GSE120521 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the IRGs from the GeneCards database. After identifying the immune cell death-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs), we developed a risk model and detected immune subtypes in CAD. IRDEGs were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Using a nomogram, we confirmed that both the LASSO model and ICD signature genes had good diagnostic performance.Results: There was a high degree of coincidence and immune representativeness between two CAD groups based on characteristic genes and hub genes. Hub genes were associated with the interaction of neuroactive ligands with receptors and cell adhesion receptors. The two groups differed in terms of adipogenesis, allograft rejection, and apoptosis, as well as the ICD signature and hub gene expression levels. The two CAD-ICD subtypes differed in terms of immune infiltration.Conclusion: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) correlated CAD with the expression of OAS3, ITGAV, and PIBF1. The ICD signature genes are candidate biomarkers and reference standards for immune grouping in CAD and can be beneficial in precise immune-targeted therapy.Keywords: bioinformatics, gene signature, immune infiltration, hub genes, immune grouping, immune-targeted therapy
