Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України (Nov 2021)
The stem bioproductivity of beech stands of the Polonynian Range of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Abstract
To study the stem bioproductivity, the components of the aboveground phytomass of trees and stands of European beech growing on the territory of the Polonynian Range of the Ukrainian Carpathians, experimental data collected during field work during the period of 2006-2017 were used according to the method of prof. P. Lakidа. Using the appropriate dependences on the average diameter and height of trunks and the relative density of stands to determine bioproductivity, the values of the following components of aboveground phytomass of European beech stands were simulated, namely: the phytomass of trunk, trunk bark, branches, branch bark and leaves. The values of the phytomass of the trunk in the bark, branches in the bark and the total phytomass were obtained by adding the values of the corresponding components of the phytomass. It is established that there is a difference in the values of individual components of phytomass. There were also differences in the values of the average mensurational indexes in the studied forest site types (FST), in particular: the value of the average height for stands in FSTC3 from the age of 10 to 100 years increases from 4.1 to 28.7 m, and in FST D3 – from 4.4 to 29.3 m, average diameter – from 4.2 to 30.3 cm and from 4.6 to 30.7 cm, respectively. The number of trees in FSTC3 decreases from 5,640 to 408 pcs.×ha-1 and in FST D3 – from 4,836 to 409 pcs.×ha-1, the sum of cross-sectional areas increases from 7.8 to 29.4 m2×ha-1 and from 8.0 to 30.2 m2×ha-1, respectively. The value of the growing stock also increases from 7.8 to 379.9 m3×ha-1 in FSTC3 and from 8.0 to 387.6 m3×ha-1 and in FST D3. However, the phytomass of the trunk in TSC C3 increases from 11.7 to 276.2 t×ha-1, and in FST D3 – from 15.2 to 278.0 t×ha-1, the phytomass of the trunk bark – from 1, 6 to 13.4 t×ha-1 and from 1.8 to 13.2 t×ha-1, respectively, phytomass of branches – from 5.3 to 64.4 t×ha-1 and from 6.1 to 59, 5 t×ha-1, respectively, the phytomass of the bark of the branches – from 0.6 to 3.8 t×ha-1 and from 0.7 to 3.8 t×ha-1, respectively, the phytomass of the trunk in the bark – from 13.3 up to 289.7 t×ha-1 and from 17.0 to 291.2 t×ha-1, respectively, branches in the bark – from 5.9 to 68.2 t×ha-1 and from 6.8 to 63.2 t×ha-1, respectively, and the total bioproductivity of trees in the studied stands increases from 20.4 to 369.9 t×ha-1 and from 25.1 to 366.1 t×ha-1, respectively. Modal beech stands in their inherent forest types in FST D3 slightly prevail similar ones in FSTC3 in the following mensurational indexes of stands: average height (from 8.4 to 1.7% from the age of 10 to 100 years), average diameter (from 12.9 up to 1.3%), the sum of cross-sectional areas (from 2.81 to 2.73%), the growing stock of stands (from 1.01 to 1.17%). For FST D3 higher values are inherent in the phytomass of the trunk (from 17.4 to 0.4%) and phytomass of the trunk in the bark (from 16.3 to 0.6%). The trunk bark phytomass is higher in FST D3 up to the age of 30 years by 4.4-12.3%, and at an age of 31-100 years higher values are inherent in forest stands in FST C3, where their values predominate similar ones by 2.2-7,6%. The bark of the branches has a similar tendency and up to the age of 70 years FST D3has higher values by 0.2-9.2%, and from the age of 71 to 100 years FST C3 has higher values by 0.3-1.9%. Phytomass of leaves is also higher by 0.5-18.9% in FST D3up to the age of 60 years, and at the age of 61-100 years it has higher values by 0.4-2.8% in FST C3. The total values of phytomass of branches in the bark in FST D3 are higher by 4-2-14.2% at an age of 1-20 years, and from 21 to 100 years higher values by 2.0-7.3% were found in FST C3. It is found that the above-ground trunk phytomass of young stands in general makes 1,087,426 t or 4.4%, middle-aged stands – 12,600,837 t (51.2%), maturing ones – 2,825,636 t (11.5%), mature ones – 4,673,751 t (19.0%) and ovemature ones - 3,405,124 t (13.8%). Analyzing the dynamics of the share of stem bioproductivity, it was found that the share of phytomass of the trunk increases from 38.2 to 75.3%, the bark of the trunk, on the contrary, decreases from 45.3 to 3.6%, branches – from 20.7 to 16.8%, bark of branches – from 1.7 to 1.0%.
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