Umanità come utopia a più voci

Abstract

In the complexe and multifaceted Heller’s works, the voice of the ideal and of the absolute constantly resonates. In the fifth chapter of Philosophy of History in Fragments (1993), we find an elaboration of the Enlightment’s ideal of Humanität as Kultur or civilisation. Such utopistic or “contrafactual” (Kant) ideal must not be realized, yet it is rescued through a polyphony, a “mosaic of differences”, whose model is the conversation among equals, a sort of speech-act, a drama that creates niches of freedom and happyness in the world of “unsocial sociability”.