The Gaps and Opportunities in Primary Care Programs to Address Childhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a significant health concern globally, and it is associated with lethal disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cancers in later years of life. We review the numerous aspects of childhood obesity to identify the gaps and opportunity to combat the increasing prevalence and translation of current knowledge into nutritional practice, doable recommendations, and strategic actions at primary health care settings, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Based upon methodology meetings, knowledge-to-action (KTA) framework, population/patient problem, intervention, comparison and outcome, formulated research questions, and reporting guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA), the gaps and opportunities are identified in this systematic review. The key findings revealed that the main determinants of childhood obesity are lack of adequate knowledge, nutritional facilities, unhealthy dietary practices or behavioral factors, and rapid urbanization. At present, most countries, including Saudi Arabia, have not implemented childhood obesity prevention and control interventions. Based on the evidence gathered by the practical application of the knowledge translation approach, the community-based multi-sectoral and multicomponent approaches at schools and primary healthcare settings are certainly substantial to confront the increasing burden of childhood obesity.