Single-Input Multiple-Output <italic>K</italic>-Complex Symbol Golden Codeword Media-Based Modulation

Abstract

The $K$ -complex symbol Golden codeword-based modulation ( $K$ CSGC) scheme for multiple-input multiple-output systems has been recently proposed in the literature and is capable of achieving a high diversity order by transmitting the same $K$ complex symbols in each of $K$ time slots. In this paper, we investigate improving the spectral efficiency of a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) configuration of the scheme (SIMO- $K$ CSGC) by employing radio frequency (RF) mirror assisted media-based modulation (MBM). Three schemes are investigated: Scheme 1 employs the same RF mirror activation pattern (MAP) in each of $K$ time slots, Scheme 2 employs different MAPs in each of the $K$ time slots, while Scheme 3 employs different MAPs in a subset $k$ of the $K$ time slots. A joint detector based on the sorted symbol set sphere decoder and maximum-likelihood detection rule is presented and its computational complexity is analyzed. The bit error rate versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves show that there is a negligible penalty incurred in SNR gain when the spectral efficiency is increased by a few bits per channel use. For higher increases in spectral efficiency, the penalty increases but is less significant with increasing $K$ . Scheme 1 is found to be superior in terms of the error performance-spectral efficiency trade-off. The theoretical average bit error probability is derived for the SIMO- $K$ CSGC-MBM scheme and demonstrates a very close match with simulation results.

Keywords

• Golden codes
• Golden codeword-based modulation
• media-based modulation
• mirror activation pattern
• multiple complex symbol Golden code
• radio frequency mirror