Insights into the Refusal of Free Screening Mammograms: Exploring Contributing Factors

Abstract

Bader Alshamsan,1,2 Tasneem Alajlan,3,4 Ahlam Alsalhi,4 Unaib Rabbani5 1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Oncology Department, Prince Faisal Cancer Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; 3Health and Curative Programs Department, Public Health and Community Health Administration, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia; 4Family Medicine Department, Almuntazah PHC, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia; 5Family Medicine Department, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Bader Alshamsan, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Road, Buraydah, Qassim, 52571, Saudi Arabia, Email [email protected]: Despite the availability of free screening mammograms (SMG) through the Breast Cancer Early Detection (BCED) Program in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia, a notable gap exists between program implementation and the actual uptake of SMG. This study aims to assess the refusal rate, identify barriers to participation, and shed light on the factors influencing women’s decisions regarding SMG.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutive women aged 40– 69 participating anonymously in the BCED program in September 2023. The participants were administered a validated Arabic language survey encompassing breast cancer screening backgrounds and knowledge, reasons for refusal, and factors influencing SMG reconsideration. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors linked with SMG refusal using SPSS version 28.Results: Of the 2446 eligible women in the study, 576 (23.6%) declined to undergo SMG. The median age of participants was 49 years, primarily married (91.5%) and residing in central cities (60.3%). Previous mammogram history was reported by 21.4%, with only 12.9% performing regular SMGs every 1– 2 years. Married women had a 31% lower refusal likelihood to SMG compared to widowed/divorced women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 0.69, p = 0.02). Women residing in peripheral areas showed approximately 1.45 times higher odds of refusal compared to those in central cities (aOR = 1.45, p < 0.001), and women without prior history of SMG had 2.13 times higher odds of refusal (aOR = 2.14, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The refusal rate for SMG in the Qassim region aligns closely with rates observed in developed countries. Despite this progress, significant barriers to SMG uptake persist, and tailored interventions targeting specific demographic groups and addressing these barriers are essential to improving screening participation, promoting a culture of proactive screening behavior, and ensuring equitable access to screening services for all eligible women.Keywords: screening mammograms, breast cancer, Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Keywords

• screening mammograms
• breast cancer
• qassim
• saudi arabia