Evaluating the learning curve of high intensity focus ultrasound for breast fibroadenoma by CUSUM analysis: a multi-center study

Abstract

Objective To explore the learning curve of high intensity focus ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for breast fibroadenoma.Methods A database of 110 patients with 255 breast fibroadenomas who underwent HIFU treatment at two different clinical centers (Center 1 and 2) were retrospectively analyzed. The learning curves of HIFU treatment for breast fibroadenoma were drawn by CUSUM analysis in two centers, respectively. According to the inflection point of the learning curves, the treatment was divided into two groups: initial phase and consolidation phase. HIFU treatment parameters were compared between two groups. The effectiveness and safety results were also evaluated.Results The inflection points of the learning curves were the 60th treatment in Center 1 and the 65th treatment in Center 2. The screening time, treatment time, sonication time and hyperechoic scale change time were significantly shorter in consolidation phase than those in initial phase of the two centers (p < 0.05). There were no differences in non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio and energy effect factor (EEF) between the two groups in Center 1, while in Center 2, these above-mentioned results in consolidation phase led to a greater improvement than those in initial phase. There was no difference of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and no adverse event observed in both centers.Conclusion HIFU treatment for breast fibroadenoma was effective and safe. The learning curve of HIFU treatment for breast fibroadenoma can be completed after treating 60–65 tumors without increasing the safety risk.

Keywords

• High intensity focused ultrasound
• breast fibroadenoma
• ablative technique
• learning curve
• CUSUM analysis