Implant reconstruction after mastectomy–A review and summary of current literature

Abstract

Introduction: The landscape of breast reconstruction has changed significantly with a shift in focus to include the restoration of a patient's quality of life after cancer. Reconstructive options can be divided into alloplastic (implant based) and autologous (tissue based). This paper aims to provide a current educational summary regarding implant-based reconstruction after breast cancer surgery and review the current literature. Method: A review of the literature was conducted utilising standard PRISMA flowchart. Databases searched included Pubmed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Results: Current practice is explored within the text, including types of implants, indications, and surgical approaches. Heterogenous cohorts, surgical technique variation, and selection bias can make comparison of the literature challenging. The major evidence reviews of implant-based reconstruction topics are discussed including, ADM use, radiotherapy, and complications. Despite the benefits of autologous reconstruction, implant-based techniques still represent a significant proportion of reconstructive breast procedures. However, implant-reconstruction is not without its risks and limitations and, with such variety in practice, there remains a lack of high-quality evidence guiding practice. Most importantly, patients need to be counselled about the pros and cons of each choice, particularly with the increasing utilisation of radiotherapy post-reconstruction. Ultimately, the patient and surgeon should reach a decision in full knowledge of the risks and potential outcomes. Conclusions: Further research is required into implant-based reconstructive therapy, which will allow a greater consensus for management and a pathway for both surgeons and patients.

Keywords

• Mastectomy
• Implant reconstruction
• Breast implants