A Study of Generalized Hybrid Discrete Pantograph Equation via Hilfer Fractional Operator

Abstract

Pantograph, a device in which an electric current is collected from overhead contact wires, is introduced to increase the speed of trains or trams. The work aims to study the stability properties of the nonlinear fractional order generalized pantograph equation with discrete time, using the Hilfer operator. Hybrid fixed point theorem is considered to study the existence of solutions, and the uniqueness of the solution is proved using Banach contraction theorem. Stability results in the sense of Ulam and Hyers, and its generalized form of stability for the considered initial value problem are established and we depict numerical simulations to demonstrate the impact of the fractional order on stability.

Keywords

• fractional order
• discrete time
• hilfer operator
• pantograph
• stability