Bilateral Failure of Oxidized Zirconium Implants in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

Oxidized zirconium was first introduced in total hip arthroplasty procedures to merge the strengths of metal and ceramic into one prosthetic. The subsequent adoption of oxidized zirconium (oxinium) for total knee arthroplasty is attributed to the theory of causing less wear on the tibial components compared to the alternative, cobalt chromium. However, the superficial layer of the femoral component is occasionally breached, exposing the softer zirconium substrate. Multiple mechanisms leading to zirconium substrate exposure have been explained, including collateral ligament instability and polyethylene wear. Such a failure may lead to damage to the periprosthetic tissues and often requires a revision procedure. In the current case report, we present a case of bilateral total knee arthroplasty with oxidized zirconium components that resulted in catastrophic failure and subsequent revision with hinged knee prostheses.

Keywords

• Cloud sign
• Metallosis
• Osteolysis
• Oxidized zirconium
• Oxinium
• Total knee arthroplasty