Recent developments in carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction: A review

Abstract

In recent years, carbon dioxide removal has been a hot topic due to increased global warming, and photocatalytic reduction of CO2 can be the best stratagem to reduce its concentration. Among many catalysts, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) can be the best choice for CO2 removal due to its promising band gap and superior physicochemical stability. The current review explains the thermodynamics of CO2 removal and benchmarks the essential requirements for its improved kinetics. It further highlights recent developments in the g-C3N4-based catalysts, which include morphological adjustments, heterojunctions, defect engineering, doping, and composite fabrication. Moreover, the impact of metal oxides and sulfides on band structure and the catalytic behavior of g-C3N4 is demonstrated. In summary, this review article provides an in-depth analysis of the various endeavors made to improve the photocatalytic tenders of the g-C3N4 for enhancing its CO2 removal activity and can be a worthwhile addition to the literature for its great ideas to address environmental pollution in terms of CO2 reduction.

Keywords

• Electronic structure
• Heterojunction
• Defect engineering
• Cocatalysts
• Band gap