CRISPR/Cas9-targeting of CD40 in hematopoietic stem cells limits immune activation mediated by anti-CD40.

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex, multifactorial disorders characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation. IBD is diagnosed around 1 in 1000 individuals in Western countries with globally increasing incident rates. Association studies have identified hundreds of genes that are linked to IBD and potentially regulate its pathology. The further dissection of the genetic network underlining IBD pathogenesis and pathophysiology is hindered by the limited capacity to functionally characterize each genetic association, including generating knockout animal models for every associated gene. Cutting-edge CRISPR/Cas9-based technology may transform the field of IBD research by efficiently and effectively introducing genetic alterations. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies to genetically modify hematopoietic stem cells. Through cell sorting and bone marrow transplantation, we established a system to knock out target gene expression by over 90% in the immune system of reconstituted animals. Using a CD40-mediated colitis model, we further validated our CRISPR/Cas9-based platform for investigating gene function in experimental IBD. In doing so, we developed a model system that delivers genetically modified mice in a manner much faster than conventional methodology, significantly reducing the time from target identification to in vivo target validation and expediting drug development.