Intertextual analysis on the influence of Hafez on Nizami

Abstract

According to the theory of intertextuality, no text is closed and self-centered. All literary works are influenced by the texts before them. Manifestations of this influence can also be seen in Persian literature. Hafez has always paid attention to the works of his predecessors and used them. Nizami's sonnets have been one of Hafez's sources of inspiration. In this research, by using the theory of intertextuality and analytical-comparative method, Hafez's impact of Nizami's sonnets has been investigated in two areas of extratextual and intratextual communication. The result of the research shows the superficial and sometimes deep similarities between these two poets. Although Hafez created a new revolution in lyric poetry; But in places of his divan, one can clearly observe signs and manifestations of intellectual and linguistic similarities with Nizami's sonnets. In terms of extratext (structure), Hafez has been influenced by Nizami's sonnets in terms of rhythm, weight, rhyme, line, words, compositions and other musical elements. In the intratextual field (infrastructure) there is also a clear link between these two poets; Allusions, descriptions, images, analogies and similar interpretations can be seen between the sonnets of these two poets. The existence of these connections shows Hafez's influence and use of military sonnets. This use is not in the form of imitation, repetition or plagiarism, but with the aim of creating more delicate poems. These connections were due to the influence of the lyrical literary traditions that were prevalent among these poets,.

Keywords

• "nizami"
• "hafez"
• "intertextuality"
• "intratextual communication"
• "extratextual communication"