Executive, emotional and physiological functioning in older drivers with mild cognitive impairment

Abstract

Age-related changes and deterioration of cognitive skills affect older citizens’ attendance of everyday activities and considerably affect their independence and quality of life. Older people keep on driving for a long time and often even longer after deterioration occurs. Executive functioning is usually affected early in Alzheimer’s disease leading to the possibility that executive control might be affected before a probable diagnosis is possible. This study aimed to explore changes in executive control in drivers with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) by using an existing fitness-to-drive assessment for older drivers taking also in consideration their current emotional and physiological functioning. Statistically significant difference was found in mean reaction time (msec) between control and MCI participants (F(1, 99) = 4.514, p = .036) in correct colour response for letters (mean difference: 101 msec). As such, early cognitive issues seem to relate more with phonological rather than numerical information that sometimes have higher demand in working memory and visual attention. This result implies that higher demanding driving tasks have an increased possibility to be affected even at early stages of cognitive impairment leading to increased proneness to accidents in complex driving scenarios (e.g. non-signalled intersections), when no effect on existing driving skills is still apparent. Keywords: Executive control, Older drivers, Fitness-to-drive, Cognitive impairment, Road safety