Copper and nanostructured anatase rutile and carbon coatings induce adaptive antibiotic resistance

Abstract

Keypoints 1. New antimicrobial material NsARC based on TiO2 compared to copper. 2. Both NsARC and copper induce efflux pump gene transcription. 3. Species-specific changes in antibiotic resistance from exposure to antimicrobial surface coatings.

Keywords

• Antimicrobial coatings
• Copper
• TiO2
• Antibiotic resistance