Exploring socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and cardiometabolic disease outcomes in the United States: insights from a population-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic diseases are a major global health concern. This study aims to identify areas for targeted interventions and investigate the impact of socioeconomic status and lifestyle as a potential mediator in the context of the US. Methods Our study analyzed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 5, a nationwide survey by the National Cancer Institute. Using standardized scales and questions, we examined cardiometabolic disease outcomes, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status of non-institutionalized civilians aged 18 + in the US. We analyzed the data using structural equation modelling. Results Our findings show that socioeconomic status and lifestyle significantly predict cardiometabolic disease outcomes. However, our analysis did not support lifestyle as the primary mediating factor in the association between socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic diseases, suggesting that other factors may significantly influence this relationship. Conclusions Cardiometabolic diseases require lifestyle and structural interventions addressing socioeconomic factors. Policymakers must consider multifaceted factors to prevent, detect, and manage these diseases effectively and equitably.

Keywords

• Socioeconomic status
• Cardiometabolic diseases
• Lifestyle factors
• Structural equation modelling
• Health disparities