Interrogating intersectionality: Productive ways of theorising multiple positioning

Abstract

Intersectionality is an increasingly popular feminist approach to theorising and analysing the fact that everybody is simultaneously positioned in multiple social categories. It is, however, a much debated concept. This paper considers recent literature on intersectionality to discuss current debates on the concept. In particular, it considers whether, on the one hand, intersectionality fails to address structural inequalities because it focuses on agency and, on the other, if it produces fixed conceptualisations of structure. The paper argues that the most productive versions of intersectionality are those that draw on postmodern ideas. In these versions social categories and their associated positions and identities are treated as fluid and multiple while recognising that structure and culture are mutually constitutive. The paper also considers whether intersectional theory produces so many intersections that it be comes impossible to know which should be analysed at any particular time. In addition it discusses the methodologies employed by intersectional researchers. It suggests that those analysing intersections have to take strategic and creative decisions about which are the most relevant intersections for specific groups or individuals at particular times and on particular issues. Intersectional methodologies are in the process of development. However, the paper highlights a variety of methodologies used by feminist researchers and argues that the study of intersectionality will continue to be characterised by multiple methods.