The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2024)
SN 2023zaw: An Ultrastripped, Nickel-poor Supernova from a Low-mass Progenitor
- Kaustav K. Das,
- Christoffer Fremling,
- Mansi M. Kasliwal,
- Steve Schulze,
- Jesper Sollerman,
- Viraj Karambelkar,
- Sam Rose,
- Shreya Anand,
- Igor Andreoni,
- Marie Aubert,
- Sean J. Brennan,
- S. Bradley Cenko,
- Michael W. Coughlin,
- B. O’Connor,
- Kishalay De,
- Jim Fuller,
- Matthew Graham,
- Erica Hammerstein,
- Annastasia Haynie,
- K-Ryan Hinds,
- Io Kleiser,
- S. R. Kulkarni,
- Zeren Lin,
- Chang Liu,
- Ashish A. Mahabal,
- Christopher Martin,
- Adam A. Miller,
- James D. Neill,
- Daniel A. Perley,
- Priscila J. Pessi,
- Nikolaus Z. Prusinski,
- Josiah Purdum,
- Vikram Ravi,
- Ben Rusholme,
- Samantha Wu,
- Avery Wold,
- Lin Yan
Affiliations
- Kaustav K. Das
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Christoffer Fremling
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Mansi M. Kasliwal
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Steve Schulze
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Jesper Sollerman
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Viraj Karambelkar
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Sam Rose
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Shreya Anand
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Igor Andreoni
- ORCiD
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Marie Aubert
- Université Clermont-Auvergne , CNRS, LPCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Sean J. Brennan
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- S. Bradley Cenko
- ORCiD
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Michael W. Coughlin
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- B. O’Connor
- ORCiD
- McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Kishalay De
- ORCiD
- MIT-Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge , MA 02139, USA
- Jim Fuller
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Matthew Graham
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Erica Hammerstein
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Annastasia Haynie
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- K-Ryan Hinds
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , IC2, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Io Kleiser
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- S. R. Kulkarni
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Zeren Lin
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Chang Liu
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Ashish A. Mahabal
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Center for Data Driven Discovery, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Christopher Martin
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Adam A. Miller
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- James D. Neill
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Daniel A. Perley
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , IC2, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Priscila J. Pessi
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nikolaus Z. Prusinski
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Josiah Purdum
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Vikram Ravi
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Ben Rusholme
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Samantha Wu
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Avery Wold
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , MC 249-17, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Lin Yan
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad527a
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 969,
no. 1
p. L11
Abstract
We present SN 2023zaw—a subluminous ( M _r = −16.7 mag) and rapidly evolving supernova ( t _1/2, _r = 4.9 days), with the lowest nickel mass (≈0.002 M _⊙ ) measured among all stripped-envelope supernovae discovered to date. The photospheric spectra are dominated by broad He i and Ca near-infrared emission lines with velocities of ∼10,000−12,000 km s ^−1 . The late-time spectra show prominent narrow He i emission lines at ∼1000 km s ^−1 , indicative of interaction with He-rich circumstellar material. SN 2023zaw is located in the spiral arm of a star-forming galaxy. We perform radiation-hydrodynamical and analytical modeling of the lightcurve by fitting with a combination of shock-cooling emission and nickel decay. The progenitor has a best-fit envelope mass of ≈0.2 M _☉ and an envelope radius of ≈50 R _⊙ . The extremely low nickel mass and low ejecta mass (≈0.5 M _⊙ ) suggest an ultrastripped SN, which originates from a mass-losing low-mass He-star (zero-age main-sequence mass < 10 M _⊙ ) in a close binary system. This is a channel to form double neutron star systems, whose merger is detectable with LIGO. SN 2023zaw underscores the existence of a previously undiscovered population of extremely low nickel mass (<0.005 M _☉ ) stripped-envelope supernovae, which can be explored with deep and high-cadence transient surveys.
Keywords
- Core-collapse supernovae
- Type Ib supernovae
- Compact binary stars
- Stellar mass loss
- Roche lobe overflow
