The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging (Jan 2024)

Association of possible sarcopenia with all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer: A nationwide multicenter cohort study

  • Liangyu Yin,
  • Chunhua Song,
  • Jiuwei Cui,
  • Xin Lin,
  • Na Li,
  • Yang Fan,
  • Ling Zhang,
  • Jie Liu,
  • Feifei Chong,
  • Minghua Cong,
  • Zengning Li,
  • Suyi Li,
  • Zengqing Guo,
  • Wei Li,
  • Hanping Shi,
  • Hongxia Xu

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 28, no. 1
p. 100023

Abstract

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Objectives: The concept of possible sarcopenia (PS) was recently introduced to enable timely intervention in settings without the technologies required to make a full diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the association between PS and all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting and participants: 13,736 patients with 16 types of solid cancer who were ≥18 years old. Measurements: The presence of both a low calf circumference (men <34 cm or women <33 cm) and low handgrip strength (men <28 kg or women <18 kg) was considered to indicate PS. Harrell’s C-index was used to assess prognostic value and the association of PS with mortality was estimated by calculating multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Results: The study enrolled 7207 men and 6529 women (median age = 57.8 years). During a median follow-up of 43 months, 3150 deaths occurred. PS showed higher Harrell’s C-index (0.549, 95%CI = [0.541, 0.557]) than the low calf circumference (0.541, 95%CI = [0.531, 0.551], P = 0.037) or low handgrip strength (0.542, 95%CI = [0.532, 0.552], P = 0.026). PS was associated with increased mortality risk in both univariate (HR = 1.587, 95%CI = [1.476, 1.708]) and multivariable-adjusted models (HR = 1.190, 95%CI = [1.094, 1.293]). Sensitivity analyses showed that the association of PS with mortality was robust in different covariate subgroups, which also held after excluding those patients who died within the first 3 months (HR = 1.162, 95%CI = [1.060, 1.273]), 6 months (HR = 1.150, 95%CI = [1.039, 1.274]) and 12 months (HR = 1.139, 95%CI = [1.002, 1.296]) after enrollment. Conclusion: PS could independently and robustly predict all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer. These findings imply the importance of including PS assessment in routine cancer care to provide significant prognostic information to help mitigate sarcopenia-related premature deaths.

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