Climate-related risk assessment in water safety plans: the case study of Acque Bresciane (Italy)

Abstract

Acque Bresciane is a public company that manages the integrated water cycle for more than 580,000 inhabitants in the Province of Brescia, in the north of Italy, providing drinking water, waste water treatment, and sewer systems. Drinking water systems are supplied with different types of groundwater, springs, and surface water sources (from lakes and rivers) whose availability and quality can be affected by climate change events. A multidisciplinary team, in collaboration with the University of Milano Bicocca, developed a specific Water Safety Plan (WSP) risk matrix focusing on the evaluation of climate-related hazardous events and calculation of their likelihood of occurrence, also using thematic maps. Moreover, to reduce the residual risks, in the risk matrix, possible control measures are suggested, such as the activation of an emergency plan, the use of other water sources, storage tanks, and interconnection with other water distribution networks. This work shows a simple and effective tool that can be applied by drinking water utilities to evaluate climate-related catchment risks, using a WSP risk matrix, thematic maps, and possible control measures to reduce risks in terms of water quality and availability and to respond with resilience to changes. HIGHLIGHTS A risk assessment tool was developed to evaluate climate-related hazardous events in WSPs.; Three catchment matrices were developed for wells, springs, and surface waters.; Control measures were suggested to reduce the residual risks of climate change-related events.; The matrices can be replicated for all drinking water supply systems.; This simple and effective tool can be applied by all drinking water utilities.;

Keywords

• catchment
• climate change
• drinking water quality
• risk assessment
• risk matrix
• water safety plan