Development of electrochemical immunosensor for quantitative detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) biomaker YES1

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer accounting for 85% of all newly diagnosed cases. Its prognosis remains poor as most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. In this study, we report the development of an electrochemical immunosensor for quantitative detection of Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (v-YES1) protein, comprised of a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNP), thiolated protein G (TPG), YES1 antibody (AB1) and glutaraldehyde (GA), which was used as a cross linker. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to measure the response and characterization of the fabricated immunosensor. The fabricated immunosensor, glassy carbon electrode (GCE)/AuNP/TPG/GA/Ab1) was optimized for pH, response time, antibody concentration and temperature. Under optimum conditions, the immunosensor displayed high sensitivity, recording a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0014 ng/mL and was noted to have negligible cross reactivity. The proposed immunosensor proved to be stable for up to 2 weeks, which means that it can be used as an alternative diagnostic tool for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of YES1 antigen in clinical samples for clinical monitoring of cancer progression.

Keywords

• Electrochemical immunosensor
• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Thiolated protein G
• Voltammetry
• YES1