Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease - A review

Abstract

Acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease is a medical emergency. It remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. It is multifactorial in origin with main causes including infection, infarction and pulmonary embolism. In most instances, it is difficult to differentiate between these various aetiological factors. Practically therefore, management of these patients should be aggressive, bearing in mind all these possible aetiologic mechanisms. Early recognition, immediate administration of oxygen therapy, antibiotics, anticoagulation, intravenous fluids, adequate pain control and treatment of the underlying cause are required in ensuring that the patient responds well to therapy.

Keywords

• acute chest syndrome
• sickle cell disease