On the Effectiveness of Vaccination against Infections Common to Humans and Animals, as Part of the Immunization Schedule for Epidemic Indications in the Russian Federation

Abstract

Relevance. The immunization schedule of the Russian Federation for epidemic indications includes vaccinations against infections common to humans and animals. Routine vaccination is scheduled for risk groups, which include persons with a high probability of infection, and urgently – in foci of infection. Aim of the study. Evaluation of the impact of vaccine prevention on the incidence of infections common to humans and animals. Materials and methods. Evaluation of the preventive effectiveness of vaccinations was carried out by comparing the volume of vaccination with the incidence rates of the corresponding vaccine-preventable infections according to the State Statistical Observation Forms No. 2 and No. 5 for the period from 2013 to 2020. Results and discussion. The scopes of immunization of the population against tularemia, brucellosis, anthrax, leptospirosis and tick-borne encephalitis are unstable. Against the background of a decrease in the number of vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis in 2020, the trend towards a decrease in the incidence rate was replaced by an increase in rates in all age groups. For other infectious diseases, no significant deterioration in the epidemiological situation is observed. Due to active routine vaccination of the population living in areas with active natural foci of plague, cases of this disease are not registered in Russia. Conclusions. The reduction and instability of the volume of immunization of the population against tularemia, brucellosis, anthrax, leptospirosis and tick-borne encephalitis against the background of an increased risk of infection can lead to an increase in morbidity rates. The regulatory and methodological framework of the surveillance for vaccine prevention of infections common to humans and animals needs to be improved in terms of developing algorithms for assessing the number and coverage of target population groups, introducing accounting for vaccination and revaccination vaccinations, as well as registering the incidence of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons.

Keywords

• vaccination
• morbidity
• zoonotic infections
• leptospirosis
• tularemia
• anthrax
• brucellosis
• rabies
• plague
• tick-borne encephalitis