Effectiveness Evaluation of <i>Viti’s vinifera</i> Leaf Extract on the Viability of Echinococcus Eggs and Protoscolices In Vitro

Abstract

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Echinococcus. Globally, it is one of the most central helminthic diseases. Surgery remains the method of choice to remove cystic Echinococcus. Various sporicidal agents have been used to invalidate the substances in hydatid cysts. Nevertheless, many sporicidal agents cause inflammation and can cause side complications, so their use should be limited. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Vitis vinifera leaf methanolic extract as a sporicidal agent for Echinococcus eggs and protoscolices and determines the best concentration. The mortality and viability of protoscolices were measured in samples exposed to four concentrations of V. vinifera leaf extract (VVLE) (5, 10, 30, and 50 mg/mL) for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min and in eggs exposed to three concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. An infrared spectroscopy chemical test was conducted to assess the presence of numerous expected active components in the extract. The viability of eggs and protoscolices was confirmed using 0.1% eosin staining. Vinifera leaf extract exhibited the decisive sporicidal effect at 100%, 91%, 60%, and 41% after 30 min at concentrations of 50, 30, 10, and 5 mg/mL, and in eggs at 11% and 19% after 24 and 48 h at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, respectively. Increased incubation times and higher dosages often increase mortality. The results exhibited that V. vinifera is effective. This study confirmed that grape leaf extract has high sporicidal activity in vitro. However, more studies are required to determine the exact active chemical and its action mechanism and perform in vivo utilization to confirm these results.

Keywords

• <i>Echinococcus</i>
• hydatid cysts
• carnivorous
• <i>Vitis vinifera</i> leaf
• sporicidal