Prevalence of Gestational Glucose Intolerance and Gestational Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India

Abstract

Introduction: Many centres in India have adopted a one-step method known as Diabetes in Practice Study Group in India (DIPSI) criterion to diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Prevalence of GDM is increasing and becoming a public health problem in our country. However, data regarding prevalence of Gestational Glucose Intolerance (GGI), which is considered a precursor to developing GDM is lacking. Aim: To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes and GGI in a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India. Materials and Methods: All the pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient department at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2016 to December 2016 underwent blood sugar testing 2 hours after taking 75 gm glucose by glucometer irrespective of last meal (DIPSI criterion advocated by Government of India guidelines). Test was done at first prenatal visit and again at 24-28 weeks of gestation, if initially negative. Women were diagnosed with GDM if blood sugar ≥140 mg/dL and managed accordingly. Women with blood sugar ≥120-139 mg/dL were diagnosed with GGI. Results: A total of 5855 tests using DIPSI criterion were performed at the centre over one year. Prevalence of GDM was 13.9% (814/5855). Prevalence of women with GGI was 19.8% (1164/5855). Women in last quarter of year (Oct-Dec) had the highest prevalence (279/1285; 21.7%) of GDM. Conclusion: The DIPSI criterion detected high prevalence of GDM and GGI at a tertiary care centre in Northern India. Almost one-third (33.7%) pregnant women attending this centre either had GDM or GGI. Glucose intolerance was seen more often in winter months.

Keywords

• dipsi criterion
• gestational diabetes mellitus
• high prevalence