Emission Levels and Emission Factors for Modern Wood Stoves

Abstract

The aim of this work is to recommend more correct emission factors for the modern wood stove category, based on extensive measurements carried out at SINTEF Energy Research in Norway for representative modern wood stoves. Today the best wood stoves outperform the staged air combustion wood stoves introduced in the 1990s, as further continuous improvements have been carried out and new and improved designs have been introduced. Hence, in national emission inventories this should be considered, so the mean emission factors used for the overall modern wood stove category reflect the continuous improvements over the last decades. The measurements carried out in this work made it possible to provide such emission factors for the modern wood stove category, for a wide range of emission compounds. The results show that most emissions of unburnt have been much reduced the last decades. However, for black carbon and for emissions due to minor and trace elements in the wood, this is not the case. Further targeted development and/or new combustion concepts are needed to significantly reduce both black carbon and NOx emissions.