Assessed correlation between biological diversity of oropharyngeal microbiota and atopic dermatitis severity and exacerbations

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AtD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, chronic recurrent course and age-related features of lesions. AtD pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. An important factor for AtD emergence and progression is the imbalance in symbiotic microbiota. The research publications provide a few studies about a role for oropharyngeal microorganisms in AtD immunopathogenesis. The aim of the study is to analyze biological diversity of oropharyngeal microbial communities in varying AtD severity. 97 male patients, aged from 16 to 19 years, with different AtD severity were included in the study. Culture study of oropharyngeal discharge was also performed. Biological material was seeded on the expanded list of growth media and incubated for 5 days at the 37°С. To assess the biological diversity of the oropharyngeal microbiota, the coefficient of constancy (C) was used, in order to classify individual microorganisms as permanent, additional or transient. Statistical data processing was performed using the Stat Tech software (version 4.0.0, Stattech LLC, Russia). While examining biological diversity of the oropharyngeal microbiota in AtD patients, 58 microbial species were isolated and identified. After statistical analysis the significant differences in frequency of isolation, depending on different AtD severity were observed for microbes such asStreptococcus vestibularisandRothia dentocariosa. WhenR. dentocariosais isolated from the oropharynx, the chances of AtD exacerbation emergence decreased by 6 times, whereas in case ofS. vestibularis, on the contrary, it increased by 5 times. Therefore, identification of transitions of individual microbes from transient to additional and permanent microbiota and vice versa, depending on the AtD stage and severity, allows to analyze an influence of specific microorganisms in AtD pathological processes and to establish definite new microbiological predictors of AtD exacerbation and remission.

Keywords

• atopic dermatitis
• oropharyngeal microbiota
• biological diversity
• skin diseases
• immunological disorders
• microbiome