Stroitel’stvo: Nauka i Obrazovanie (Sep 2017)
Modeling of the ecological balance of construction and demolition facilities
Abstract
Anthropogenic impact of construction is diverse in nature and occurs at all stages of construction activities: beginning with the extraction of building materials and ending with the commissioning of completed construction projects, demolition of buildings, installations, and facilities with no life cycles. Stage-by-stage restoration of the natural environment in the territories disturbed by construction along with the rational use of Russia’s natural resources — land, water, forests and subsoil — is a priority in respect of both ecological safety and sustainable development of Russian society and the state. In the current multifaceted problem selected as the focus of the study that deals with the resource-saving and waste management in a building complex, the economic, civil, environmental, industrial, social relations defining the subject of the present study are closely interrelated. The research subject of this paper is represented by the processes of negative impact of construction on the components of the natural environment; the management of construction wastes and demolition of buildings, installations, facilities. This also includes issues of accounting and assessment of the potential economic damage to the environment and human health as a result of construction and demolition in justifying the costs of investment projects in this area. The purpose of the study is to create and justify the methodology for the formation of the organizational and structural as well as the economic model of the ecological balance of construction and demolition facilities. The background materials for this scientific research are guidelines, standards, methodologies, methodological recommendations, project and regulatory documentation in the field of construction, environmental protection and waste management, published data and materials of national and foreign scientific research on this subject. The methods of scientific research are based on the use of comparative analysis, economic and mathematical methods of assessment of the indicators considered. The main scientific and methodological approaches to the creation of the organizational and structural as well as the economic model of the ecological balance of construction and demolition facilities have been created. There have been developed program packages that can be used to assess waste management performance, the effectiveness of introducing resource-saving and nature protection measures both at the pre-project stage of the investment project, and in the process of designing the construction and removal of facilities. The proposed scientific and practical solutions to the problem of construction waste management can be used to develop a strategy for the use, deactivation and utilization of wastes.
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