Electrochemistry and Solid-State Chemistry of Layered Oxides for Li-, Na-, and K-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Since reversible lithium (de)intercalation of layered LiCoO2 and its high-voltage operation were discovered by Mizushima, Goodenough, and coworkers in 1980, layered lithium transition metal oxides have been mainly used as positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Since 2010, layered sodium transition metal oxides have been further considered for Na-ion batteries, and new materials have also been developed. Recently, layered potassium transition metal oxides have attracted attention for their potential use in K-ion batteries. This article summarizes our studies on layered transition metal oxides as positive electrode materials for Li-, Na-, and K-ion batteries. The correlation between their crystal structures and electrochemical properties is also discussed. Comprehensive and systematic studies of intercalation materials based on the three alkali metals will provide insight into the unique chemistry and development of new layered oxide materials for next-generation batteries.

Keywords

• electrochemistry
• solid-state chemistry
• energy storage materials
• insertion materials