Alternasi Bunyi Bahasa Indonesia dalam Kognat Melayu Ulu Kapuas

Abstract

Indonesian is derived from Standard Malay; while Ulu Kapuas is a dialect of Malay. Sameness between the two language codes is shown by their identical cognates. There are other cognates showing sound alternations. This article describes the sameness and the sound alternations undergone by the cognates. The alternations involve segments (consonants, vowels, diphthongs, and soundclusters) and show morphophonemic alternations involving replacement, addition, deletion, and syllabic position replacement of segments; the alternations also involve one of the suprasegmental features, i.e., length. The data corpora are in forms of the phonological forms of the cognates. The phonological forms of Ulu Kapuas cognates are obtained from and/or based on previous studies on phonological aspects of Ulu Kapuas lexical items conducted by Yusriadi (2007). Meanwhile, Indonesian cognates are Indonesian lexical items available in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia becoming the equivalents for Ulu Kapuas lexical items afore-mentioned; and their phonological forms are determined by referring to the rules of graphemephoneme correspondences in Indonesian proposed by Fauzi (2015). Consonant weakening, consonant strengthening, lenition, fortition, vowel laxing, vowel tensing, diphthongization, monophthongization, tongueposition change in vowel production, metatheses, sound deletion, haplology, sound addition, assimilation, dissimilation, glottalization, nasalization, sound lengthening, word shortening, word lengthening, and dereduplication become findings. Phonotactics and the distributions of segments in the cognates shared by the two language codes also become findings.

Keywords

• cognates
• sound alternation
• morphophonemic alternation
• phonotactics