Matn/Pizhūhī-i Adabī (Sep 2024)
Semiotic Analysis of a Ghazal by Hafez
Abstract
AbstractThis research focuses on the analysis of a certain poem titled "Your lost Joseph will return to Canaan, do not grieve". The objective of this study is to explore, present, and analyze the fundamental principles of the codes that strengthen them. Additionally, it aims to examine the connections between signifiers and signifieds and provide explanations for their meanings. Furthermore, it seeks to investigate the factors that trigger the activation of signifiers and highlight the impact of the interplay between signs and multidimensional images in the formation of layered meanings. The research focuses on exploring the significance of symbolic elements in the formation of poetic imagination and the utilization of various chains of meaning, such as symmetry and congruency. The primary aspect of the research examines these elements, extracting and presenting the findings aligned with each of these axes. We have also achieved a cohesive understanding of Ghazal.Keywords: Ghazal, Hafez, Semiotics, Central Core of Codes, Signifier and Signified, Meaning, Entanglement, Stimulation.1.IntroductionThe branch of semiotics known as the semiotics of literary texts focuses on the analysis of literary works, which encompass poetry and fiction. (Farhangi Yusefpour, 1387: 144)This article aims to explore the methods of uncovering and accessing the deeper levels of meaning in Hafez's words. It does so by employing advanced semiotic theories, examining the semantic structure, identifying the inner core of the code, and reinforcing codes. The objective is to attain a comprehensive and logical understanding of the sonnet chosen, as well as to analyze the connection between the signifier and the signified.2.Literature ReviewThe works examined and associated with this article can be categorized into the following two groups:1. Articles that have an indirect connection to research:Michael Rifater's theory analyzes the poem "O Marz Par Gohar" by Forough Farrokhzad. The authors of the article are Behzad Barkat and Tayyaba Eftekhari. The Journal of Language and Comparative Literature Research published the article in 2018. It comes from Year 1 and is Number 4.Sahila Farhani and Mohammad Kazem Yusufpour wrote the article "Semiotics of Qaiser Aminpour's poem 'Alphabet of Pain'" in 2009. It was published in the Persian Language and Literature Survey, Volume 11, Number 21, pages 143–166.Alireza Nabi Lo wrote the article "The application of Rifater's theory in the analysis of Nima's Phoenix poem" in 2013. It was published in the Quarterly Journal of Linguistic Research in Foreign Languages, Volume 1, Number 2, on pages 81–94.The article titled "Semiotic Analysis of Sohrab Sepehari's Poem of Traveler" was written by Farhad Tahmasabi and Mahosh Khajovi in 2013. The Journal of Linguistic Research in Foreign Languages, Volume 2, Number 2, published it, spanning pages 215-242."Analysis of Mourning Rituals in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh as Symbolic Representations," authored by Tahira Khajegiri and Hossein Heydari in 2016, is published in the Text Pzohuhi Adabi Journal, Volume 21, Issue 72, pages 117–141.2: The research studies that are directly relevant to this subject and are conducted on the text of Hafez's sonnets."Semiotic Analysis of Mir Ashaghan: The Vertical Relationships of Hafez's Ghazal" is a scholarly article written by Mohammad Reza Akrami in 2018. It was published in the Bostan Adeb Poetry Research Journal, Social and Human Sciences, specifically in Volume 1, Number 1, pages 1–13."An analysis of the correlation between linguistic symbols in the poetic function and the use of parallelism in Hafez's sonnets," by Farida Davoudi Moghadam, 2019, was presented at the inaugural national conference on Persian literature and interdisciplinary study in Birjand.Nasrin Aini wrote the article "Investigation of the semiotic elements of hope in Hafez's sonnets based on positive psychology" in 2015. The Persian Language and Literature Quarterly in Sanandaj published it. The article can be found in Volume 8, Nos. 26 and 27, on pages 279–310.Ahmad Faghe, Masoud Rouhani, and Seyed Ali Asghar Soltani authored the research paper "Discourse Semiotics of Persistence Literature in Hafez's Ghazals" in 2018. They published it in the scientific quarterly journals of religion and communication at Imam Sadiq University. The article can be found in volume 26, number 2, and number 56 of the journals.The text examines the rhetorical and linguistic significance of the two linguistic signals "Mohtasab" and "Dunya" in a sonnet by Hafez, using the semiotic approach of Umberto Eco as discussed by Yahya Nuraldini Aghom in the 2019 Journal of Language and Rhetorical Studies, Volume 11, Number 21, pages 415–444.3.Research Methodology This article utilizes the in-text analysis method to enable the reader to find appropriate answers to the research questions by exploring the role and function of ciphers in establishing a continuous connection between verses.1. What is the focal point or the central nucleus of codes in this sonnet?2: What are the codes that enhance the fundamental theme of Ramezgan in this sonnet?This sonnet questions the relationship between the signifier, the signified, and the signifiers.What is the purpose, significance, and frequency of the use of symbolic motifs in this sonnet's aesthetics?The entanglement of signs in this sonnet has the effect of augmenting the layers and engendering novel levels of meaning.What aspects contribute to the excitement created by the symbols used in this sonnet?4.ConclusionThis research examines Saussure's concept of stimulation, which suggests that as the signifiers of a language become more limited, they also impose greater semantic limitations.The analysis of the symbols in the sonnet text reveals two strategies for evoking the signifier and binding the signified and signifier: 1. Assuming the indicated position in the descriptive composition. (accepting the preceding or final adjective)2. Occupying the supplementary position inside the supplementary arrangement. (supplementary entrance)3. Occupying an analogous posture in another comparison.4. Occupying the role of a pseudo-object in a metaphorical equation.5. Positioned at the center of social connection and taking advantage of the advantages of being close to others.One of the reasons for the emergence of a sign is the presence of explicit meanings in the verse, either before or after the intended meaning.The interlacing of slabsHafez uses the interweaving of signifiers in his sonnets as a technique to generate a multi-faceted meaning in his words, which is a key element in conveying explicit meanings at the semantic level of his sonnets.The primary characteristic of aesthetic componentsRamezgan's exquisite elements in this sonnet are primarily focused on carefully examining the research on Hafez's sonnets suggests that the use of multiple chains of meaning, like resemblance and proportionality, significantly contributes to the construction of three-dimensional or multi-dimensional images along the longitudinal axis of each sonnet.
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