Український селянин (Jun 2023)
Agrarian question in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century: government-bureaucratic vision
Abstract
Purpose. The author of the article aims to analyze the government-bureaucratic vision of solving the agrarian issue in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. in the context of the agrarian policy of the government of the Russian Empire. Scientific novelty. The government-bureaucratic vision of solving the agrarian issue in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century was analyzed on the basis of the involved sources and the application of current methodological approaches. in the context of the agrarian policy of the government of the Russian Empire. Conclusion. The main feature of the life of Ukrainian peasants at the beginning of the 20th century. land was considered scarce, there was also agrarian overpopulation. The transition to intensive farming was restrained by the irregularity of agrarian relations. The problem of renting land was extremely acute for peasant farms, with which the interests of both landowners and peasants were closely connected. Due to the lack of land, the peasants could not do without renting land, but its conditions were quite difficult. Another difficult problem for peasant farms was the payment of taxes. Several government commissions and meetings created at the beginning of the 20th century dealt with the study of the state of agriculture in the areas and proposals for solving the peasant question. The Commission on November 16, 1901 and the Special Meeting on the Needs of the Agricultural Industry had the most tangible influence. They summarized valuable material about the state of the agricultural industry, attracted a wide range of officials, citizens, public figures, scientists and directly peasants. However, their intentions remained unknown to the general public, which also contributed to the maturation of revolutionary sentiments on the ground. The activity of the Special Meeting chaired by O. Styshynskyi and the Special Meeting A. Kulomzyn was effective. They drafted a draft law, which on July 6, 1904, took on the character of temporary rules regulating immigration policy in the Russian Empire. It was a law that for the first time in the legal practice of the Russian Empire regulated the social aspect of the life of peasant settlers. But he cannot be fully recognized as socially oriented, impeccable. Because, firstly, self-willed resettled peasants did not receive state financial support. Secondly, total state control over resettlement processes was established.
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