Metabolic Adaptations in Cancer and the Host Using <i>Drosophila</i> Models and Advanced Tools

Abstract

Cancer is a multifactorial process involving genetic, epigenetic, physiological, and metabolic changes. The ability of tumours to regulate new reactive pathways is essential for their survival. A key aspect of this involves the decision-making process of cancer cells as they balance the exploitation of surrounding and distant tissues for their own benefit while avoiding the rapid destruction of the host. Nutrition plays a central role in these processes but is inherently limited. Understanding how tumour cells interact with non-tumoural tissues to acquire nutrients is crucial. In this review, we emphasise the utility of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for dissecting the complex oncogenic networks underlying these interactions. By studying various levels—from individual tumour cells to systemic markers—we can gain new insights into how cancer adapts and thrives. Moreover, developing innovative technologies, such as high-throughput methods and metabolic interventions, enhances our ability to explore how tumours adapt to different conditions. These technological advances allow us to explore tumour adaptations and open new opportunities for potential therapeutic strategies.

Keywords

• cancer
• metabolism
• diet
• inter-organ communication
• microenvironment
• systemic