MORPHOBIOMETRIC INDICATORS, YIELD AND MARKETABILITY FRUIT OF TOMATILLO IN OPEN SOIL CONDITIONS FOR USING MULCHING MATERIALS

Abstract

Introduction. The development of Horticulture is constrained by the lack of modern technologies that provide stable yields regardless of weather conditions. Tomatillo is a common little plant, its cultivation is constrained primarily by a small number of varieties, lack of adapted elements of cultivation technology. To realize the potential of biological tomatillo in the soil and climatic conditions of the northern province of the Right – Bank Forest – Steppe it is important to develop and introduce technologies of cultivation. This technology in terms of the region is not studied enough. In this regard, the study of plants depending on the performance of different varieties and growing technology elements is timely and urgent task. Purpose of the task. The develop and optimize of the elements of the technology of Tomatillo cultivation under conditions of the open ground of the northern province of the Right – Bank Forest – Steppe of Ukraine. Research Methods. Field, laboratory, laboratory – field, statistical. Results. The effect of mulching materials on the morphological characteristics, yield and marketability of Tomatillo varieties Likhtaryk and Ananasovy is presented. Agrofiber of white color, black polyethylene film, wheat straw and water–holding granules «Aquad» have been used as mulching materials. Early growth and development of the plants is provided by the use of wheat straw and black polyethylene film for cultivating variety Likhtaryk. The use of water–holding granules «Aquad» contributes to increasing plant height to 84,0 cm and 80,0 cm during the cultivation of varieties Likhtaryk and Ananasovy. White agrofiber, black polyethylene film, wheat straw and water–holding granules «Aquad» increase stem diameter to 1,0 cm during flowering. The biggest number of fruits, weight and diameter of the fruit can be obtained through the use of wheat straw when growing variety Ananasovy. Variety Likhtaryk is characterized by the larger leaf area when using white agrofiber, but variety Ananasovy is characterized by the higher dry matter content in the leaves. Variety Likhtaryk has high fruit yield of 28,9 t/ha when mulching soil with wheat straw, but varieties Likharyk and Ananasovy had higher fruit marketability of 94,5 % when using white agrofibers. Conclusions. The use of a polyethylene film of black color and wheat straw accelerates the passage of the main phenological phases of growth and development of the plant of Tomatillo. The fiber of white color helps to increase the leaf area, dry matter and fruitiness of the fruits. Application as a mulch of wheat straw provides an increase in the number of fruits per plant, the mass and diameter of the fetus and the total yield. Water–holding granules «Aquad» increase the height of the plant during fruiting.