Social Media as a Source of Information for the Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions in Post-Marketing Surveillance: A Review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. With the development of the Internet and the increasing availability of social networks and fora, patients have received an opportunity to share their medication experiences online. According to the guidelines on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices, social media can be considered an important additional source of patient-derived information in post-marketing surveillance, but the effectiveness of their use in detecting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is still being investigated.AIM. This study aimed to analyse the results of relevant original studies and assess the potential of using social networks and online patient fora as a source of information on ADRs associated with the use of medicinal products.DISCUSSION. Published studies indicate that posts on social networks and patient fora describe both minor and serious ADRs, including new ADRs. The relevance of social media as a source of information about the safety of a medicinal product varies depending on several factors, including the medicinal product class and time on the market, as well as the platform demographics. Young users (18–44 years) are interested in online discussions about medicinal products for mental and reproductive system disorders. Users aged 45–64 years tend to discuss the use of medicinal products for chronic pain (including muscle pain), menopause, and gastritis. Discussions among users over 65 years old predominantly focus on medicinal products for diabetes, heart conditions, and muscle pain. People are much more likely to describe ADRs associated with the use of medicinal products for orphan diseases and cancer on fora for patients than on social networks in general, and vice versa for ADRs associated with the use of medicinal products for mental disorders. In addition, social media may be of interest as a source of information about cases of overdose, misuse and off-label use of medicinal products, and use of medicinal products during pregnancy and lactation.CONCLUSIONS. Social media can be a source of valuable information about the safety of medicinal products and the impact of ADRs on the quality of patients’ lives. Marketing authorisation holders can obtain new information about the safety of medicinal products by extending their safety monitoring strategies to include social media. Nevertheless, since the relevance of a particular social network or patient forum for the detection of ADR cases varies considerably, a preliminary assessment is necessary to ascertain the presence of information on the medicinal product of interest.

Keywords

• monitoring
• pharmacovigilance
• social networks
• social media
• patient forum
• spontaneous reports
• individual case safety report
• adverse drug reaction
• drug safety