پژوهش های علوم دامی (Feb 2022)
The effect of supplemental protexin probiotic on growthhematology and blood parameters in Lori Bakhtiyari lambs
Abstract
Introduction: Supplementing the feed with microbial products or probiotics have shown to improve animal performance and enhance the growth of young ruminants by maintaining a microbial balance in the intestinal flora thus preventing gastrointestinal infections (Noori et al. 2016). The use of bacterial probiotics in milk substitute of suckling animals has improved the feed conversion ratio (Noori et al. 2016) and increased daily weight gain (Kawakami et al. 2010). Probiotic-containing feed improves animal weight gain presumably via improvements in microbial ecology (Lascano et al. 2009), increased nutrient uptake (Khutia and Chayyaderi 2002) and improved feed conversion ratio. The effects of bacterial probiotic use on different performance, health status, and blood counts have been reported, and differences in results may be due to various factors (e.g., type of probiotic, type of feed, level of management, method of probiotic use, and environmental conditions) (Agarvall 2002). The results of a study showed that the production of growth factors (organic acids, B vitamins and amino acids), creating anaerobic conditions and increasing the growth of cellulosic bacteria and lactate consumption are among the mechanisms of probiotics in increasing the digestibility of food nutrients (Riedel et al. 2010). Considering the advantages of using probiotics in feeding young ruminants and suckling animals, which improved growth performance and also reduced the use of antibiotics, and most importantly, the growth and development of healthy and prolific lambs that can replace productive ewes and adult rams in the herd in the future and ensure the economic future and health of the herd. However, no study has yet tested the use of oral probiotics in lambs and lactating Bakhtiari ewes. In this study we aim to investigate the probiotic effects of protexin on blood hematological parameters of lactating Bakhtiari lambs. Materials and methods: In this experiment, 28 ewes with one to multiparous were used. The ewes were divided into two groups. One group (14 head) received no probiotics and the other group (14 head) received 2% probiotics solution (v/w) (one gram of probiotic dissolved in five mL of water) per day through oral and syringe for the duration of one month until parturition. Probiotics were discontinued at parturition. The lambs born of these ewes were 28 (male and female). Treatments included 1) control treatment (non-reception of probiotics by lambs and ewes), 2) 1 g of probiotic by ewes, 3) 0.2 g of probiotic by lambs 4) 0.2 g of probiotics by lambs and 1 g of probiotics by ewes. The lambs were weighed weekly at birth and up to five weeks after birth. In order to measure hematologic and hematological parameters on 3, 14 and 21 days after the morning and by applying food restriction for 2 to 4 hours, blood was taken through the vein from all lambs. Blood samples were taken at 3, 14 and 21 days to measure hematological and blood parameters. Hematological parameters included eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, hematocrits, and white blood cells. Blood parameters included glucose, albumin, total protein, globulin, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamine transferase, acute phase proteins, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and iron oxalate, copper and iron, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc. Hematology supplements and blood suppositories were determined using an autoanalyzer (model BT 1500, made in Italy). Results and discussion: The effect of protexin probiotic on body weight in lambs was not significant (P>0.05). Consistent with our result, the use of probiotic supplementation in lamb feeding during the experiment did not have any significant effect on daily weight gain in another study (Baranowski et al. 2007). The effectiveness of compounds such as probiotics, which have different microorganisms, varies, and depends on the composition of the animal's diet and nutritional needs, and may be ineffective with the slightest change. Therefore, animal feed management includes feed supply (completely mixed feed, separate forage and concentrate feed), number of feed times and physical shape of feed, chemical composition of feed including forage to concentrate ratio, dietary nutrient percentage, dietary effective fiber percentage and forage type. The concentrate used in this study can be considered as a possible cause of differences in results. The effect of treatment on hematological data including eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, hematocrit, and white blood cell concentration in lambs was not significant (P>0.05). Hematological parameters are important in determining the functional status of animals. Our results agreed with the study reporting modulatory effects of biofeedback probiotics in the last month of gestation and by the end of lactation on the lambs' red blood cell counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophil percentages (start and end of experiment). Regarding the blood parameters, the effect of treatment on the concentration of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, triglyceride, globulin, gamma glutamine transferase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glucose, albumin to globulin ratio, and acute phase proteins was not significant (P>0.05). Probiotic supplementation had insignificant effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, and glucose concentrations of lambs in the pre-weaning period (Salim et al. 2017). Also, the addition of protexin probiotics had insignificant effect on blood minerals (calcium, zinc, iron, copper) in lambs (P>0.05). Consistent with our results, Zovitis probiotic supplement had no significant effect on blood phosphorus and calcium concentrations (Dimova et al. 2013). Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation of protexin had no significant effect on lamb weight, hematological parameters, and blood parameters. This indicates that this probiotic had no positive effect on lambs. There is a need for more research and more levels of this probiotic in the lambs of Lori Bakhtiari.
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