Ratzel contre la géopolitique ? Référence allemande et géographie politique dans la géographie française de l'entre-deux-guerres

Abstract

The study of the receptions, uses and transformations of the figure of Friedrich Ratzel in the French geography of the inter-war period considers here the double heritage of Ratzel and Vidal de la Blache, the consequences of the Great War on international relations and the emergence of new schools of thought, in particular of Geopolitik. Between admiration, criticism and attempts to go beyond his ideas, even to use them against his German heirs, some geographers persist in thinking with (sometimes against) him, throughout the crises and world wars that give him a persistent image of relevance. On the one hand a precursor and eminent scholar, on the other hand a «bad teacher» of geopolitics for the Wilhelmian and then Nazi regime making him responsible for its excesses and territorial ambitions, his theories were then used to understand the troubled evolution of the world until 1945.