Influence of physical loads of different orientation on indicators of physical working capacity and level of the maximum oxygen consumption at the qualified athletes depending on the period of training process

Abstract

Objective: to assess the impact of physical activity of different orientation and intensity on the physical performance and maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) in qualified athletes, depending on the period of the training process. Materials and methods: 136 male athletes were examined, 116 of them were qualified athletes (age 22.1±4.1 years). I group – wrestling (n=30), II – cross-country skiing, biathlon (n=27), III – powerlifting (n=33), IV – volleyball (n=26). V – control (n=20), sports training less than 3 years. Bicycle ergometry (VEM) with the assessment of physical performance on the PWC170 test in the preparatory and competitive periods of training was conducted. STATISTICA 10.0 program was used for statistical processing. Data were presented as: median (Me), lower and upper quartiles (25% and 75%). Results: the highest rates of PWC170 – 1508.0 KGM/min and IPC – 65.37 ml/min/kg in the preparatory period and, respectively, PWC170 – 1560.0 KGM/min and IPC – 68.00 ml/min/kg in the competitive period were achieved by athletes in group II. Athletes in group III had the lowest rates of PWC170 – 1100.0 KGM/min and IPC – 40.60 ml/min/kg in both the preparatory and competitive periods – 1120.0 KGM/min and 42.04 ml/min/kg. Conclusions: high level of physical performance and MOC indicated the effectiveness of the cardiovascular system in athletes of highly dynamic sports, training for endurance (crosscountry skiing, biathlon). In powerlifters with high intensity of static loads, physical performance and MOC remained at a low level. The results can be used to make timely adjustments to the training and competitive process of athletes.

Keywords

• athletes
• kind of sport
• periods of the training process
• physical performance
• maximum level of oxygen consumption