Comparison of control approaches in different levels of cybernetic systems based on information theories

Abstract

Purpose: The most important part of cybernetics is the study of how to control exchanging of information, and the statistical phenomena resulting from this control, which simultaneously exist in advanced computing machines (such as computers) and living organisms (such as the nervous system). Therefore, it can be said that control is one of the important elements of cybernetics and information is an important element in the control process. Methodology: This article is a collection of researches, data obtained through searching texts and articles as well as interviews with experts in the field of quantum physics. Findings: Examining the relationship between the features of Shannon's and quantum information theory and first & second order cybernetics shows that the topics raised in both fields are consistent. And both fields have a common intellectual origin. Conclusion: relativism is a prominent feature of second-order cybernetics and quantum theory, and the positivist point of view can be seen in Shannon's information theory and first-order cybernetics. Both information theories emphasize that the observer affects the system and changes its structure, and reality is defined based on the type of observation. The principle of superposition in quantum theory is consistent with the connection of components and their effect on system performance in cybernetics of the second type.

Keywords

• cybernetic systems
• system control
• quantum information theory
• shannon theory
• information theory