Zhongguo quanke yixue (Mar 2023)
Sex-specific Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Hypertension among Nurses: a Propensity Score Matching-based Study
Abstract
Background Long-term high level of mental tension induced by nursing work may be associated with increased blood pressure in nurses. The factors influencing hypertension may differ by sex, since there are sex-specific differences in the regulation of blood pressure in molecules, cells and tissues. So exploring influencing factors for hypertension in male and female nurses is significant for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies. Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among male and female nurses in Hebei Province, providing a basis for developing sex-based hypertension prevention and control measures for nurses. Methods A census survey method was used. The prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension were investigated among 128 009 nurses in all hospitals in 11 cities of Hebei Province from November 2016 to July 2018. The recognized factors influencing hypertension were matched between male and female nurses by propensity score matching. Based on the matched data, multivariate Logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing hypertension among male and female nurses. Results The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male nurses than in female nurses〔20.36% (1 115/5 476) vs 6.26% (669/122 533) , P<0.001〕. After propensity score matching, age〔>25-35 years old (OR=2.182) , >35-45 years old (OR=3.560) , >45-55 years old (OR=7.406) , >55-65 years old (OR=13.339) 〕, BMI〔24.0-<28.0 kg/m2 (OR=1.591) , ≥28.0 kg/m2 (OR=2.739) 〕, location of hospital〔Cangzhou (OR=1.431) , Hengshui (OR=1.834) , Tangshan (OR=1.408) 〕, years of hyperlipidemia〔>0-5 years (OR=3.399) , >5-10 years (OR=4.451) 〕, family history of hypertension (OR=1.225) were influencing factors of hypertension for male nurses (P<0.05) . Age〔>25-35 years old (OR=1.382) , >35-45 years old (OR=4.125) , >45-55 years old (OR=6.510) , >55-65 years old (OR=5.616) 〕, BMI〔24.0-<28.0 kg/m2 (OR=1.749) , ≥28.0 kg/m2 (OR=3.111) 〕, department〔paediatrics (OR=1.570) , medical technology department (OR=1.779) 〕, years of hyperlipidemia〔>0-5 years (OR=2.863) , >5-10 years (OR=3.713) 〕, years of diabetes〔>0-5 years (OR=3.126) , >5-10 years (OR=2.947) , >10 years (OR=9.743) 〕, family history of hypertension (OR=1.243) , menstrual condition〔irregular (OR=1.358) , menopause (OR=1.689) 〕, pregnancy hypertension〔no (OR=0.486) , no history of pregnancy (OR=0.507) 〕were influencing factors of hypertension for female nurses (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male nurses than in female nurses. Age, BMI, years of hyperlipidemia, and a family history of hypertension are influencing factors of hypertension for both male and female nurses. Working at the pediatric or medical technology department, irregular menstruation, menopause, or gestational hypertension only affected the risk of hypertension in female nurses. These factors associated with hypertension can inform targeted prevention and control measures. In addition, the location of hospital was influencing factors of hypertension only for male nurses.
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