Replenishment of landscape water with reclaimed water: threshold of hydraulic retention time employing transparency as a control indicator

Abstract

There exists a significant risk of water blooms during the utilization of recycled water in landscape environments. The nitrogen and phosphorus discharge standards of sewage treatment plants are very low. Controlling hydraulic retention time (HRT) is currently the most effective means to control water bloom. This article proposes a new method for determining the HRT threshold based on water transparency as a control indicator. The following results were obtained: (1) with the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 15 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 4.6 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light is 11.5 days. (2) With the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 10 and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 5 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light conditions is 12.3 days. (3) The HRT threshold obtained under high temperature and strong light is lower than that obtained under low temperature and low light conditions. (4) The higher the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, the smaller the HRT threshold obtained. (5) Blue algae have stronger adaptability than green algae and diatoms. HIGHLIGHTS A new method for determining the hydraulic retention time (HRT) threshold based on water transparency was proposed.; Cyanobacteria have stronger adaptability than green algae and diatoms.; Light and temperature have a significant impact on the determination of the HRT threshold.; The higher the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, the smaller the threshold value of HRT obtained.;

Keywords

• algal blooms
• hydraulic retention time
• reclaimed water landscape
• threshold model
• transparency