Prognostic value of depression, anxiety disorders and inflammatory markers in patients with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction heart failure

Abstract

Aim: Patients with heart failure (HF) have greater rates of depression and anxiety than the general public. The researchers wanted to investigate if there was a relationship between depression, anxiety, and inflammatory markers, as well as survival and hospitalization, in HF patients with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fractions (HFrEF and HFmrEF). Materials and methods: This prospective research comprised 122 consecutive individuals having a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 50%. The inflammatory system was investigated using the specific markers. Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales (HAM-D and HAM-A) were used to diagnose of depression and anxiety. Results: The median duration of follow-up was 36.4 months. Non-survivors had lower glomerular filtration rate, LVEF, and blood sodium levels than survivors, while they were older. Age, LVEF, and GFR are independent predictors for mortality. No independent relation was found between depression, anxiety, inflammatory parameters and mortality. Anxiety was found as independent predictors for hospitalization. Conclusion: Anxiety, depression, and inflammatory conditions indicators were not associated with mortality in people with HFrEF and HFmrEF. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and anxiety were found as independent predictors for hospitalization.

Keywords

• heart failure
• depression
• anxiety
• inflammatory markers
• mortality