Arduino microcontroller based real-time monitoring of haemodialysis process for patients with kidney disease

Abstract

The efficient and precise monitoring of the haemodialysis process is critical for the well-being of patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this work, a comprehensive study on the utilization of Arduino microcontroller-based systems for real-time monitoring, data acquisition and control of the haemodialysis process is presented. Arduino instrumentation unit was developed for an in vitro Haemodialysis (HD) system using Atmega 328 and Arduino nano microcontrollers. Haemodialysis process was conducted using in vitro haemodialysis system. Temperature probes (model DS18B20), conductivity probes (model EC-PPM-TDS) and weight sensor (load cell type HX711, 10 kg max stain gauge type) were used for real-time measuring and monitoring blood and dialysate temperatures, conductivities, and blood weight respectively. Simulink interface embedded in MATLAB software R.2019 was used as microcontroller software interface. In vitro HD result of the real-time monitoring indicated that initial and final measurement for blood temperatures gave 32.8 – 36.5 °C at set dialysate temperature 37 °C respectively, blood and dialysate conductivity 2 - 3.5 mS/cm and intradialytic blood weight 187.5 g – 147.5 g. This paper offers valuable insights into the implementation of Arduino microcontrollers for real-time monitoring of the haemodialysis process, with a strong emphasis on patient safety, data generation and data security. The research presented contributes to the advancement of technology in the field of nephrology and has the potential to significantly impact the quality of life for ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Keywords

• Intradialytic
• Hypotension
• Kidney
• Monitoring
• ESRD
• MATLAB